While in the Galapagos, Darwin observed
that there were many animal species on the
Galapagos that lived nowhere else in the world,
although they resembled species living in
South America.
He also identified several similar but
unique species of finches that existed
only on the Galapagos. In some cases,
species would be unique to one or a
few islands that were close together.
(1 degree of longitude is around 110 km
at the equator.)
Cool hyperlinked map from
http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/GalapagosWWW/GalapagosMap.html
http://www.rit.edu/~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/DarwinFinch2.html
What Darwin observed in the Galapagos inspired
his thoughts on evolution and helped
produce his famous book.