Europa

There are two other problems with the Europa Orbiter -- one unique to Europa, and one relevant to all space exploration missions: radiation and contamination.

  • radiation: Europa orbits fairly close to Jupiter and hence interacts with a lot of highly energetic particles trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field. This radiation is terrible for spacecraft instruments. The expected lifetime of a Europa Orbiter mission would be something like 1 month before the electronics started to fail -- not very long to learn everything we can about Europa's possible ocean. Remember that some of the predictions (like Greg Hoppa's cycloid movies) for a thin ice shell suggested that surface features should change over time -- would 1 month be enough time to see such features change?

  • forward contamination: This is a big deal in space exploration. The point is that we don't want to bring some terrestrial organisms to whatever planet we are exploring. This applies not just to Europa but also Mars and everywhere else. [Overheads]

    The National Academy of Science has issued a report called Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa which makes for some interesting reading if you are so inclined. (This new 2000 report updates the 1992 report from which the overhead material was taken.) The Conclusions and Recommendations and Calculating the Probability of Contamination are particularly interesting.

    Which means that this idea has a lot of extra concerns!

    http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/robo/11449/1.html

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